Gareth, stay away from unknown bolts some can be horrible to machine, try and find some EN1A steel or Cz121 brass and possibly 6082 t6 alu to practice on.
It wasn’t as easy as I expected. Second attempt was a bit better with smaller cuts.
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I’ve ordered a load of offcuts of various stuff on eBay to practice with.
Keep Bernard’s warning in mind! Beginners often start by assuming that their lathe must be able to cut whatever metal is put into it. I fell headlong into this trap by picking up a random collection of scrap to practice on before buying a mini-lathe, and it took me several months to twig that my metal was all unsuitable, and I wasn’t the incompetent owner of an inferior lathe.
Many manufacturing processes do not require alloys to be machineable, and even if the one used was, the finished product is often hardened. Scrap can be very nasty indeed, either from the get go or as a surprise in the middle of a job. About half the Stainless Steel family work-harden, so if at any point the tool rubs instead of cutting, the job suddenly becomes very difficult. Other metals are too soft, won’t produce a good finish, tear, or otherwise misbehave. Bernard mentions EN1A steel, CZ121 brass and 6082 Aluminium all of which are specifically made to be machineable. Look for words like ‘Free Cutting’ in the spec.
When things don’t go well the most likely cause will be either the tools, the operator, or the material. I recommend learners start with known metal because trying to machine unknown scrap is an avoidable source of trouble. Don’t dismiss scrap forever though! With experience comes the ability to recognise and adapt to less suitable metals. Rarely impossible to machine them, but they need more skill and may not be suitable for the job for other reasons. Nuts and bolts aren’t beginner friendly for practice because what they’re made of varies enormously.
Dave