If those were all change-wheels the four at top left are clearly from a different source as the others.
That’s a rum combination on that banjo, too, with one much coarser than the other. Their largest is of that magic 127, inch-metric conversion; but all these wheels seem to have been for a small lathe indeed, likely under 3″ centre-height.
The banjo looks user-made, perhaps to add a further stage to a lathe whose standard trim allowed only a two-stage compounding.
Perhaps they were all used on one lathe whose owner managed to create an extra stage using the finer-pitch gears to give an extra fine-pitch and metric-pitch ability on a physically small headstock. Though he’d have had to solve the problem of the different keyways: a special, dual-profile key perhaps.
The source might not be a lathes or lathes, either. The alternative machines could have been dividing-heads or coil-winders, for example.
They’d be more identifiable if you could quote the bores and DPs (or modules if they are of metric dimensions).