Derek,
Sorry to be labouring the point but …
I’ve no idea what they are called or their prime/original use. However, they were (perhaps are with the right name) available in a range of diameters and lengths.
Between experimental trials, technicians in our plastics laboratory used them for cleaning out extruder barrels. They would insert steel wool and other slightly less abrasive materials than emery cloth.
Perhaps they were originally designed for gun barrel cleaning as Bob suggested. I'd be concerned about altering the bore size.
An alternative practice I've used before (nothing new here) was to saw down the length of a rod into which the end of a strip of emery could be inserted. Same principle, less complex.
Sam 