If you are wishing to measure how far the work stands out from the face of, say, the chuck, or a chuck jaw, you may be looking for a Depth Micrometer.
Beyond the Thimble, there is failry long blade (Which is the Zero datum ). Rotating the Thimble causes it to move forward and a rod appears from the datum blade.
The graduations on the Thimble and barrel show how far bthe rod protrudes.
Unscrewing the cap at the end of tthe Thimble allows the rod to be changed for a longer one, so instead of measurinh 0-1" it can then measure 1-2", 2-3", depending which longer rod has been inserted.
I find them less easy to read than a conventional Mic, but with care, it is a very buseful tool, essential for measuring dpeths accurately
HTH
Howard.