Admiralty Fine Thread is a simple system for parts outside the normal nut'n bolt increments which pops up in many unexpected places.
Whitworth form 24 TPI under 1/2" diameter, 20 TPI from 1/2" to 3/4", 14 TPI from 3/4" to 1", 12 TPI from 1" to 2", 8 TPI from 2" to 4" and 6 TPI above 4". Last time I found one was on a cheapy Chinee compressor holding a non standard "not quite PCS" airline connector which needed changing to a standard one. No room to open out the female to a standard BSP so the thread had to be identified. Which drove me nuts until the penny dropped!
Another one to watch out for is large pipe threads in non pipe applications to get a finer thread than normal in that diameter.
Then there are the American industry standard specials and semi constant pitch series, mostly automotive and aeronautical. Which can drive you crazy as there are so many and around half of them aren't listed where you expect to find them. Machinery's Handbook and Guide to World Screw Threads aren't enough. Pretty much all officially obsolete post WW2 except they forgot to tell the users so filtering by date is less than reliable. Last one to get my Workshop Esperanto flowing was an obsolete in 1914 thread on a piece of equipment made in mid 1990's. Presumably the old "force you to buy OEM parts" trick. Which becomes a major pain when said parts are unobtanium.
Clive.