Inserts and their application is a discipline of its own.
These round inserts have a enormous "nose radius". They will give a better finish than inserts that have a small nose radius like a CCGT060204. A large nose radius results in large cutting forces. So these round inserts are not used for rouging but for finishing jobs on a rigid lathe.
The different colours shows different coatings and each coating is optimised for a certain material type and turning conditions.
You can also see different chip breakers. Chip breakers are also optimised for material types and turning conditions.
The shiny ones (middle row), are probably polished inserts. These polished inserts have very sharp cutting edges and are commonly used for aluminium and plastics. On non rigid lathes, polished inserts that have a small nose radius like CCGT060202 and DCGT070202 give good results when cutting steel, stainless or titanium.