Hi Mark, the joint between this gear and shaft is one that sees high torque. I would be more likely to drill 2 or 3 holes through the hub , blind, just shy of the central shaft hole, and fit some short dowel pins with loctite. Leave a wee bit of pin sticking out , if it clears everything nearby, to help pull the pins if ever needs be.
A couple of hard dowels in blind holes thru both parts will transmit almost as much torque as a key, and are much less likely to start a crack than a keyway.
I'd be concerned about fitting screws or pins in the shaft to hub joint line, dutchman-pin style, this thins the material locally and could "roll out" or jack the hub outward, or jack the shaft inward, under high torque. If it jacked inward it may jam on the shaft.
Just my $0.02 as a fellow 9" SB owner. Your mileage may vary.
Still have to fix several broken teeth on my back gears some day. The breakages happened long before I owned it and I've owned it for more than 25 years…. and use back gear all the time, with no troubles. I try and go gentle on it though, in back gear. JD