Clive –
I bow to your maritime experience but I'd always thought the Roaring Forties are in the Southern latitudes, and the Equator is straddled by the often-calm Doldrums that could leave sailing-ships stuck there for days or weeks on end?
That's why you noticed no winds on the Equator – that was normal.
Volcanic activity? Interesting one. I don't know about frequency, but I do know that although volcanic activity itself is not connected to the climate, nor to anything humanity does, the dust hurled into the atmosphere by very large eruptions can have short-term cooling effects on the climate. "Short" in human history, that is, not in any physical geography sense.
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We had a brief, low-energy thunderstorm this afternoon here (S. Dorset) but it did not bring much rain.
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Neil –
I think that basic principle still applies but the mechanisms are effects are a lot more complicated and difficult to predict than that simple model suggests.
We are still in an Ice Age now, though!
An Ice Age is a sequence of climatic oscillations with a period of at least a hundred thousand years (which is short, geologically), between the frigid Glacial and warm Interglacial, stages. The natural rates of change may be high, over only some hundreds or thousands of years, with a lot of ripple effects; but the Earth's general climate is presently cool!
That has two implications.
Firstly that it may continue to warm for some while yet, and stay warm for millennia, with accompanying higher sea-levels (I think the last Interglacial sea level reached about 10m above present).
Secondly, that whatever we are doing to the climate is "only" hastening the inevitable, to an extent far more rapid than it might otherwise be; with possible significant effects disastrous to Mankind maybe in several decades or a century or so, not tens of centuries.
Also, whilst we might slow our own effects on the climate; there nothing at all humanity can do to stop natural climate change. IF humans ever see the end of the Ice Age as a whole, they will occupy a world our species and its ancestors have never previously known. The hominids originated in Africa but much of the time since, including all of that of H. Sapiensis (us lot), has been and still is, an Ice Age.
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A sobering thought, and you might ask how early humans and their Neanderthal parallels fared then through the last Interglacial and Glacial.
Quite simply, it was relatively far easier for them than it will ever be for us. Although one idea why poor old H. Neanderthalis died out as species, is or was that they were unable to adapt, for unknown reasons.
There were far fewer for a start, and they had none of our intricate, inter-dependent, often very fractious and overall very artificial societies, nations and other constructs. That is not to say that they lived some sort of bucolic "noble savage" lives as a Victorian anthropologist might have painted them. Anything but. Instead, like the other fauna and flora around them, they would have drifted to more equable regions in the much longer times that natural climate-change would have made available to them – not so much as individuals of course, but as "herds" over many generations.
If a climate-change brought steps rapid enough for human memory, obviously they would have noticed it: "Your great-great-grandad used to hunt over that bit that's now under the sea". Or "they say that bit used to be under the sea". It would probably not have affected them very much though. They would have moved inland and uphill a bit, or to more comfortable regions, along with the animals their ancestors liked to eat.
We modern 'oomans don't, or our descendant won't, have that luxury….