David – regrettably your resultants are incorrect..
My point was that if the tool is high at the front, or below centre at the back then there is a more or less vertical component which takes the tip into thicker metal so the depth of cut has to increase. And vice versa. Also your drawing ignores the component or vector generated by back rake.
Sorry, but the drawing is rather too simplistic to be of much help, even if it has been published in similar form many times.Sorry, but I like drawings with vectors and tedious thngs like sin alpha and cos theta on them. Those, as an engineer, I relate to when it comes to working out what is going on. Big hand small map arrows – bit less happy about.
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As for backlash – being favourable at the back. I have a little difficulty with that. You are pulling the work in under tension on the back edge of the thread. The job rides up, or by some other means an inwards component is generated (which is what is going to cause the jam up) and this screw is to remain under tension?
When there is a space (backlash/tolerance)into which the feed nut can move?
In short, all the backlash and spaces are on the same side on the nut – relative to the direction of movement of the cross slide – when the jam up occurs. Front or back.
In both cases the entrance of the tool is resisted and in both cases that will take up all backlash before cutting begins. Then some inwards component is required to overcome that resistance and then the load (cut) will increase such that the inward component drags the tool inwards and into the backlash and into the work unfortunately too..
In other words you are not going to get a jam up until the tension or compression have been released. Something has to act (faster or) in addition to that compression or tension, because while that tension or compression was being applied the tool was cutting OK.
As in tool is cutting OK, – something happens (which doesn’t include increasing the cut manually), and it is often independent of radius) – conditions change -tool increases cut – tool jams. It doesn’t suddenly jam because it feels like it. And it can most certainly jam at the back as well as front. And that is the problem with a lot of these arguments- they assume that it won’t jam at the back. When it can. So, mathematically, or in their mechanics, there is something wrong with them – by definition.
So tension and backlash and whirling lines seem unlikely as explanations
I prefer chip jamming in the slot and back rake, because removing the latter reduces the inwards component, and lowering the centre of the cut introduces an actual outward component (vector) so it isn’t going to pull in unless one does something really intellectual. Actually Mr Sandvik also rather likes that explanation too, and thats one of the reasons he designed his tips that way – so he says in his blurb. So forgive me if I stay with it.
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But, only too pleased to listen to other possibilities – I’m sure they will explain to me why I don’t have a problem parting off at the front.
Were these gentlemen were right I would get a front jam every time? In fact, I used to. I then changed, and now despite an extra set of dovetails (QCTP) on top of my topslide dovetails, I can part off faster, with much deeper cuts, in narrower slots, and on one lathe, with a degree of tool overhang which is greater than the centre height of many modellers lathes. And it doesn’t jam. Not once.
And that is not surprising. I am using the most rigid part of the lathe, I am pressing onto the bed and taking up all the slack I can, my spring is as short as possible and I have a tool geometry which resists being pulled in so the nut will not get drawn forwards into the backlash and increase the cut suddenly and uncontrollably, and there is feedback in the form of feel.
So thats why I REALLY REALLY like the Sandvik argument. They have measured forces etc, and they REALLY REALLY know what they are on about. They are not guessing. I find that quite nice, especially when it is borne out in practice
Of fools and things. I always thought it was Thomas Jefferson, but I could be wrong. The actual quotation is “Wiser to remain silent and be thought a fool, than to speak and remove all doubt. More elegant that way?
Edited By meyrick griffith-jones on 16/10/2009 20:08:03