If you are making a carvel planked boat, you have to put flats onto the frames where the carvel planks are screwed to, at the same time, the edge of the plank has to be beveled to mate with the previous plank and also beveled for the next plank. This changes along the length of the plank and also for each plank.
Often, a plank will be fitted on one side and then repeated on the other side (a gauge like this could be used ??).
However this is pure guesswork !
Could it be used when marking out roof rafters where you have compound angles to cut on the hip rafters – another guess!