I think that Martin means "Disengaged" rather than "broken"
Engaging back Gear and having the pulley / Bull wheel fixed to the spindle will lock up everything.
Some folk use this method so that a chuck can be unscrewed, but risk damaging the gears.
Hence the Spindle Lock to avoid such brutal practices.
If a particlar lathe uses screw on chucks but lacks a Spindle Lock, there are less risky ways of unscrewing a firmly stuck chuck.
Howard