The important thing about the bench is rigidity rather than strength. 23kg isn’t all that heavy, but a simple bench plenty strong enough to support that weight might wobble, side to side and front to back. How the legs are supported matters more than the top’s thickness.
My mini-lathe came with rubber feet, and I ran it plonked down on a simple wooden bench, rear and one side fixed to wall, with 2×4″ braced legs at the front. As the top was only 12mm pine, I added a section of kitchen worktop as well, screwed down, about 38mm total. It was fine. I also used it a few times on an ordinary flimsy kitchen table; that was OK too.
The manual recommends bolting the lathe down for extra rigidity, but so far as I could tell doing so made no difference. More convenient not to bolt it down, because then the lathe could be slid out of the way.
Are you getting chatter? If so, might be due to a wobbly bench, but more likely excessive tool or job overhang, or maybe a blunt tool or difficult material.
Dave
PS. Now I’ve seen the pictures, the bench looks satisfactory to me, though cross-bracing the sides and back would stiffen it up good and proper!