You could also use a full size filed sheetmetal template clamped to the bed of the lathe as a guide, with a follower "tooth" or stylus on the compound. The cuts are made as you would with X Y movements to do the cuts, but by aligning the tooth to a guide rather than by using the dials to approximate the curve as you mentioned.
Easiest way to make such a template is to print out your section from CAD, check the print is to scale, then use spray glue or glue stick to attach the paper to the sheetmetal. Cut and file the sheetmetal to your printed line. This method can yield very accurate curves.