For a lasting repair soft solder is the best as the thickness of the solder film can be quite thin and maintaining pallet dimension for correct escapement action is essential. Having said that there are excellent epoxy glues, such as those used to attach ultrasonic transducers to the tanks, but these need a glue film thickness to work correctly.
Soft soldering at about 250 C shouldn't reduce the hardness of the spring material being applied and even if it did the clock would probably work for another 100 years before the needing the "veneer" replacing.
CS