Posted by JC54 on 26/01/2020 14:31:33:
I have just bought a 3D printer and got it running. I have downloaded several objects from the web to print. I want to modify one of the designs…
Struggling with this myself at the moment and not found a reliable way of doing it! I've not found a simple tool that allows STL to be modified in a straightforward human way. STL is machine generated, and the editors I've seen address repair needs rather than major surgery. Hope someone knows different!
In theory (and occasionally in practice), FreeCAD is capable. Done by importing a mesh, converting to a solid, editing the solid, then exporting a new STL. In FreeCad, open the Part Workbench and create a new empty document. Then do File->Import and select the STL file. Once loaded, do Part->Create Shape From Mesh. Once that's done, other menu options switch on, notably 'Part->Convert to solid' and 'Check Geometry'.
Try 'Part->Convert to solid'. If this works it will create a 3D CAD object that can be freely edited in FreeCAD's Part and 'Part Design' Workbenches, or exported to another CAD package. Then the new solid object can be converted back to STL.
A similar workflow is possible in Fusion 360. No doubt other CAD packages can do the job too. However, F360 fails with what I'm doing in exactly the same place. It also gags on my STL files.
The problem lies in getting STL converted into a mathematically valid solid. STL describes objects as a stack of layers. These have to be stitched back together to make a CAD editable solid, that is one consisting of correctly closed faces joined together to define a closed object rather than a shell with holes in it. Converting solid to STL is much easier than reversing STL back to a solid, hence the difficulties.
If FreeCad can't 'Convert to solid' because the STL is flawed, try 'Check Geometry': this does a sanity check and automatic repairs, after which 'Convert to solid' may work. I'm not having much luck with it, maybe because I'm attempting highly complex shapes. (Glyphs converted to mesh converted to solid). Picture is of a very simple example, the letter 'W' extruded from a base, shown as opened in FreeCad's 'Mesh Builder' workbench. The mesh envelope is mostly good apart from the join between the two 'V's being broken, plus more trouble where it joins the base.
FreeCad's Mesh Builder workbench has an 'Analyze' function that evaluates and repairs broken meshes. Not had much luck with that either, mainly because I'm stumbling around in the dark. In similar vein, 'Blender' is worth a look. It too can convert STL into solids, and identify faults, and fix them. At the moment it's all too much work: I don't understand meshes, and Blender is a monster graphics package bursting with complicated features.
TinkerCad is AutoCad's tool for 3D printing design work. Has a free/student licence and seems well thought of in the 3D community. It has a cloud-based mesh repair tool that may be smarter than the alternatives. Not tried it yet.
FreeCad has a good reputation. I've successfully imported a couple of simple curved objects, edited them, and printed without any bother. So it is possible. Perhaps your STL is more friendly than mine! Worth a go.
Probably ought to open a new thread rather than pollute Alibre.
Dave