Simon,
As far as I can see, you haven’t said which lathe you have, but if it’s of any use or gives you food for thoiught, I offer my take on it.
It’s was a progression from my simple indexing feature in MEW some while ago, further explored in my low-profile rotary table. It consists of an annular ring which slips over the chuck and is secured thereto. Another ring, drilled at 10° intervals around the outside is overlayed by a segment plate, drilled at 11° intervals. More complicated than is is, actually. A picture paints a thousand words and a video or two even more, so …..
It used to be in an album, now drifting in the multiverse, but a video to watch is here on YouTube.
It effectively gives you the equivalent of 360 holes drilled radially in the chuck backplate, indexed by a pin of some sort.
John
P.S. I no longer possess the lathe, this accessory or the 3D router it was made on, or I would offer to make one for you.