Many early steam engines, (and I C engines) were controlled by Watt or Pickering governors, operating a throttle valve.
Some of the early I C engines had governors which were pretty crude. (The simplest was just a weight in the linkage which operated a wedge to either hold open a valve, or to prevent it opening.
The slightly more sophisticated carried weights within the Flywheel which did much the same thing, or disabled the ignition system.
It was the advent of higher speed engines which brought a requirement for more sophisticated and accurate mechanisms to control speed, leading to governors capable of providing isochronous control.
The ultimate are the electronic governors which will now control speed to within a few tenths of an RPM.
Again, a monument to the skill of Engineers
Howard