Notice –
– it seems not have definite holding-down arrangements such as screw-holes – it might have clipped onto or slotted into something.
– the scale is engraved in an unusual way as if to provide a successively finer adjustment for…. something.
– the steps are tapered inwards like a ratchet, perhaps to maintain a fairly low level across them. They don't have sharply vertical or in-cut risers though, reducing any intended locating ability – but that may be an effect of wear.
Brass on hardwood…. suggesting the material being worked on, if that was the case, was wood, leather, paper/card or cloth. Not metal, unless precious-metals perhaps. It might have been some special type of bench-block.
Any chance the dealer would know something of its previous owner's work? Or what tools it had been bundled with: they might provide clues?
I have one possible lead to follow, if only to eliminate it from enquiries…..