Hi Ady1 ,
(1)Nobody has ever reported trying it but it is possible in principle to burn a fuel/air mix direct in the water and obtain near 100% heat transfer with low pollution levels in a very small unit .
(2)Flash steam engines have been designed and actually built with no boiler as such – heated cylinder head or micro boiler on cylinder head can do it all .
(3) You mention atomising . Similar concept is to raise steam in an auxilliary boiler and then superheat in a secondary boiler . Raising wet steam from water and superheating steam are two different things really and need separate thinking .
For a simple flash boiler this could mean an entry section of large diameter pipe coils with slow flow rate and a secondary section of small diameter pipe coils with rapid flow rate .
Primary section gets milder heat and secondary section gets the more fierce heat .
Regards ,
Michael Williams .