Price Gouging and other forms of profiteering are always likely when demand exceeds supply, but in general energy prices at the moment aren't being engineered by a conspiracy. I don't recall anyone complaining when the wholesale price of oil went negative in 2020. That was due to COVID suppressing demand, and it happened naturally. When a supertanker arrives at it's destination and can't unload because there is no spare tank capacity on shore, the oil starts costing big money.
There's no deity or human right that says things must be sold at a fixed price. Prices are determined by what people are prepared to pay, which means they go up and down, sometimes violently. The Wall Street Crash wasn't a local phenomenon in 1929, and it's worse now because 'people' means just about everybody in the world.
Predicting the future is near impossible, but the current difficulty depends on the outcome of Putin's attack on Ukraine. Since coming into power Mr Putin has aggressively used hard power to extend Russian influence. Arguably the west made a bad mistake in the past by tolerating his adventures, and thus encouraged he's gone a step too far. His plan was to quickly capture Kiev and replace the government with a Russian puppet. No doubt he thought the risk low because of previous appeasements, a strong perception of European disunity, and Europe's high-level of dependency on Russian Oil and Gas.
In practice, Putin's War hasn't gone to plan. The Russian Army encountered strong resistance and failed to topple the Ukrainian government. Europe and the US applied strong economic sanctions even though it's pushing up energy prices at home. NATO are supplying modern western weaponry to the Ukrainians and perhaps accurate intelligence from satellite and other high-grade sources, which could put an end to high intensity operations.
Putin's war has become expensively painful with no end in sight and Russia may even be losing it. If so, there's a strong possibility Mr Putin or his successor will have to normalise relations and allow trade to resume. Unlike Putin, Russia has nothing to lose and much to gain by stopping. But wars are horribly unpredictable and almost anything could happen. If I were Putin, as a last throw of the dice, I would try to break Europe's will to continue by cutting oil and gas exports entirely this winter in hope of triggering mass discontent everywhere. Things may get worse before they get better.
Point is, Arab sheiks and oil companies might well profit from this in the short term, but they aren't the prime movers. Huge and complicated forces are at play because billions of unhappy people are involved. I don't think anyone is in control.
Dave