Well here's the solution I finally came up with – a Coronet Minor Headstock!
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Bought on a whim from you-know-where for £26, it could have been made for this job! The only mods needed were three holes for registration pins and mounting to the cross slide; a couple of collars, and a simple sprung indexing pin. Of course, you have to already have a gear with the required tooth count. It's shown here with an 89 tooth DP 16 gear blank in Tufnol.
The headstock has an external thread which a 3/4" pipe fitting bolt fits, and an internal thread, which I've yet to measure. Here's a view from above, showing the mounting holes and indexing pin:
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I had to swivel the vertical mill attachment so the reference gear doesn't hit the column. I haven't dared try any cutting yet. There aren't really enough threads on the external front thread to be confident of good clamping, so I'll make some sort of front clamp using the internal thread before I try it out. The indexing pin is also 'blind' – hidden behind the casting, so there's plenty of scope for a mark 2 if the concept works.
Let me know if I'm about to cause a big accident.
All the best, Paul