I finally got around to machining the cover plate for my traction engine regulator. It took some experimentation, and broken cutters, to get a result. I started with two 0.5mm 2-flute cutters from Drill Service, albeit their economy range. In all cases the cutter was running at 24000rpm. I started with a stepdown of 0.1mm and stepover of 75% and a feedrate of 80mm/min. The cutter started well but broke about half way through a 2 hour program. With the second cutter I dropped the stepdown to 0.063mm and the feedrate to 40mm/min. The cutter finished the initial machining but broke at an undetermined point. The finish left was poor with ridges and uneven surfaces.
I then bought two 0.5mm 3-flute K2 carbide cutters from Cutwel. After machining the basic outline the original program cuts the centres of the O and P. These are very small openings, not much bigger than the cutter. I was concerned about stiction on the table possibly overloading the cutter. So I changed the program to remove them, changed the stepdown to 0.05mm, the stepover to 60% and increased the feedrate to 120mm/min. The program took just under 2 hours and ran to completion without breaking the cutter:
I then ran a separate program to open out the O. I didn't push my luck with the P. On the cast cover on the fullsize engine the P is solid – so I can argue I'm sticking to prototype.
I'm pretty impressed with my CNC mill; it's by no means new and has been worked fairly hard yet it seemed to be happy with a small cutter where every tenth counts.
Tomorrow I'll see if I can salvage the original cover plate, or whether I'm going to have to make and profile another blank.
Andrew