Posted by blowlamp on 16/02/2022 17:24:42:
Can anyone explain the mechanism by which one variant 'takes over' from another and what stops them simply coexisting? So in short, how does variant 1 know to die out when variant 2 comes along?
Martin.
Every cell in your body contains DNA. And every cell also contains helper molecules that read/decode DNA so that your cells can function…replicate, produce proteins and enzymes to perform various functions, etc.
Viruses take advantage of this reading/copying functionality. When the virus gets into your body it invades your cells and tricks your cells to produce copies of the virus instead of your own DNA. Viruses can't actually reproduce on their own…which is why some say they're not actually alive or are on the border between life and non-life. Anyway, this how the virus spreads through your body. And inevitably, there are mistakes in the copying. These are called mutations.
Most mutations result in things that don't work. Your DNA actually has error checking. Sometimes, the mutations do work and result in things that work "better" or "different".
Scientists aren't sure if Omicron is a mutation from the original SARS-Cov-2 virus, or if a mutation from a single person that managed to spread.
In any event, Omicron has some feature (ability to infect), maybe others as well, that is better than Delta…or whatever else its competing against.
Variant 1 doesn't "know" that Variant 2 is taking over…It's just that Variant 2 is better at spreading, so it leaves more "offspring" than Variant 1…and tends to take over.
They could, in theory, coexist…if they're not affecting each other's ability to reproduce. But we were actively treating, trying to kill, Variant 1 and didn't know about Variant 2. So Variant 2 got an advantage.