As above, the collet is a Schaublin one. It has the same dimensions as a modern ER collet. You can look up ER collet dimensions and confirm the suggestion that it belongs to the 25 series.
The difference between the Schaublin collets and ER collets is the retaining groove in the ER collet and the lug in the nut that registers in that groove and pulls the collet from its seat when the nut is loosened. See:
https://www.arceurotrade.co.uk/Catalogue/Collets/ER-Collets/ER25-Collets
If you want to use it, the easiest way is to buy a standard ER25 holder and retaining nut and modify the nut. You can buy ER25 nuts alone (around £5.50), so you could buy a spare one and practice on that. If your attempts are not successful, you would still have a chuck and nut that could be used with modern collets.
When considering options, bear in mind that ER25 collets are £5-£6 each brand new.