Building the ‘Potty mill engine’ the beginners way.

[Gas_mantle.Participant @gas_mantle]

Hi all,

For the last few weeks I've been looking for a fairly simple steam engine to build, after much searching online and some helpful advice from a few members here I was directed towards the 'Potty mill' engine. The engine was designed to be built without the need for a mill so it suits the tooling I have at present and I decided to give it a go.

At the moment the plans I have aren't in Jpeg form so I'm having difficulty uploading them here but one I've figured how to do it I'll upload for the benefit of anyone following the thread.

For now here's a picture of this rather attractive little horizontal engine and hopefully mine will at least look similar when completed.

I've got a better drill vice and a few other materials on order so for a few days I'm a bit limited in the parts I can build but I've decided to make a start on those that I can do for now.

I'd like this thread to be useful to beginners like myself and would be grateful if more experienced members can post their comments, ideas, suggestions, criticisms etc in the hope I can learn something as well as other beginners following.

Anyway enough of that lets make a start ;-

I decided the con rod looked achievable with the resources I have and began with a piece of 1/4 " thick steel plate which ultimately needs the centre turned to a fishbelly shape, a foot at one end and bearing fixture to attach to the cross head on the other end.

I decided I turn between centres so centre drilled either end and having read someone elses novel way of not needing to change to a face plate I though I'd do the same.

The idea involved making a small temporary centre to sit inside the chuck and hopefully use the jaws to drive the work.

What seemed like a good idea might have worked with larger diameter stock but with the small piece I used my workpiece wouldn't fit past the jaws !

In the end I decided to use the face plate and dog and after what seemed like an eternity the piece was starting to take its rough shape.

The left hand end will become the crosshead end and needs drilling out to 8mm. There are 2 punch marks as I had originally done the righthand one for drilling purposes but decided it was slightly off the centreline so decided to redo it and use the other end. It may look in the photo that the righthand mark is more central but the lefthand one is far better.

As the next photo shows the 8mm hole looks to be accurately centred and overall I'm pleased with it. Of course I've now got the rogue first punch mark to get rid off but the ends of the rod are yet to be tapered so I think with a bit of luck and some gentle filing I lose it.

The 2 small cuts in the main bearing end show where the 3mm deep foot will finish.

The plans show a 6mm dia central area in the rod tapering down at 8* in either direction to give a fishbelly shape. After about an hour of trying to align the compound slide, readjust the tool post etc I found no matter how I set up I couldn't postion things so I didn't foul either the driving dog at one end or the tailstock at the other.

In the end I decided that for a 50mm long rod where the taper is purely cosmetic I'd be quicker doing it with a file.

It can be seen here that it's not yet even at either end but there's more to come off yet and I'm hopeful that with another bash at it tomorrow it will be far more attractive when finished.

So this is what I have so far, despite a few glitches I'm reasonably happy. After finishing the taper all that remains is to hand file the circular cross head end, reduce to the foot depth to 3mm and give it a bit of tidying up

 

Edited By Peter Nichols on 27/08/2015 17:32:24

Edited By Peter N

[Gas_mantle.Participant @gas_mantle]

[mechman48Participant @mechman48]

Hi Pete

Nice follow up model to be getting on with; looked in your album at your first model, nice job. How did you make your profiled base, did you do the woodwork with a router or bought in pre-machined strips?. Keep the pics coming.

George

[Gas_mantle.Participant @gas_mantle]

Thanks George,

The plinth the first engine was mounted on was one I bought, I think it only cost me about £10, if you wanted details of where I bought it send me a priv message and I'll give you the details.

Peter.

[Gas_mantle.Participant @gas_mantle]

Hi, another member has kindly reproduced the con rod plan for me in JPEG form.

Here is what I'm trying to make :-

Peter.

[JasonBModerator @jasonb]

Good to see you making a start on this one Peter

As one who advocates the soft centre in the chuck I thought a couple of puctures may help yopu and any others thinking of giving it a try. I like to have a small step on by soft centre so it cannot get pushed back into the chuck. The idea is to have it sticking out beyond the chuck jaws so you can take a trueing cut and then don't remove it from the chuck until the job is done, this will give you a very accurately positioned centre with no runout due to the chuck being a bit off.

You really need a cranked dog or a large straight one can be cross drilled for a bolt that will engage against the chuck jaw.

Also when marking out you should really have two punches, a dot punch and a centre punch. The dot punch is used first VERY LIGHTLY to make a small dimple, you can then inspect that and if it is not quite right the punch can be tilted slightly and tapped again which should shift the dimple to where it is required, this should still be done very lightly. Once you have the dimple where you want it that is the time to put the centre punch into teh dimple and give it a heavier blow for your drill to seat into.

Dot on left, centre on right

Finally if atall possible keep the piece of work on the end of the bar as for a slong as possible so you have a bit more to hold

J

[GarryCParticipant @garryc]

Hi Peter

Great to see you've made a start – it's going to be a great project to follow

I bought an 'extended nose' type live centre and found it gave much more room…

Look forward to the next update..

Cheers

Garry

[Gas_mantle.Participant @gas_mantle]

Thanks for the help guys.

As for the punches I didn't realise there was such a thing as a dot punch, I'll be ordering one tomorrow !

When I got my bench drill a couple of weeks ago I had a practice doing punch marks and trying to accurately drill random holes, I found it very difficult to be consistently accurate but put it down to my inexperience. I only have one punch and it now seems it's far from ideal.

As you can imagine getting an accurate centre with that is virtually impossible.

In making the con rod I chose the 2nd punch mark as the most accurate but even then had to gently 'persuade' the drill bit to drill very slightly off my mark. Luckily it turned out ok but I really need to be getting some better punches now I understand the problem better.

Peter.

[mechman48Participant @mechman48]

Pete

Make some punches from broken taps… or silver steel… grind to shape, heat to cherry red, quench, clean-up, gently heat lower down from the point & watch for colour climbing up to point, you should be aiming for mid to light straw colour, quench again, should give you a decent hardened point, … or even touch up a broken centre drill, we all have one or two of those kicking about in the ' broken box' … no need to buy stuff when you can make it …

George.

[Alex CollinsParticipant @alexcollins55045]

Hi Peter

I also made this engine. It's a great beginners project.

I got a bit of 8mm Silver Steel to make my punches.
Put a taper on 1 end down to ~ 5mm.
Turn or grind the points. 1 at 30 degrees, 1 at 60 degrees.

I have a knurling tool so put a knurl on them.
Cut off and clean up.

Heat the tips to red hot with a blow lamp. Hold them at red for 10 or so secs and quench in cold water.
That makes them Glass Hard but brittle.
Clean them up with Scotch Brite.

To temper them, heat the top of the taper and watch the colour run down to the tip.
Stop when the tip goes a straw colour – you will see it happen, and Quench again.
Another clean and you have your punches made yourself.

Good luck with your engine. The grin will go full circle when it works

[ChrisHParticipant @chrish]

Peter,

When grinding dot or centre punches, don't grind the 'slope' across the grind wheel, grind with the point up and the slope aligned with the wheel so the grinding marks radiate down from the point. Not only will it be more pretty, but the slope should be very regular and, I was told years ago, makes the point stronger too. Don't know if that is true but sounds good. It's also a much easier way to grind the point.

Chris

[Neil WyattModerator @neilwyatt]

A great idea for a build thread, Peter.

Here's how I approached a similar con rod – I did all the turning at this setting. The hardest bit was making sure the thickness of the rod was centralised in the four-jaw.

Neil

[Gas_mantle.Participant @gas_mantle]

Thanks for the replies

I think with hindsight I ought to have used a piece as suggested, I think I'll get the result I want but I'm not going about it the easiest way.

The only plus side to it all is when I drill the foot holes and cut the waste off I should have a piece with perfectly matching radiused sides and bolt holes to fit at the bottom end and enclose the brass bearing.

[Gas_mantle.Participant @gas_mantle]

Hi,

Distractions and other things to do meant I didn't get as much done today as I would have liked, although I have now pretty much finished the con rod.

I worked a bit more on the fishbelly taper and whilst it's not perfect it is looking better so I set about rounding off the little end bearing. I thought to try and help get an even circular profile by hand filing a template would help.

Not pretty, but functional

.

After much filing I made the small brass bearing insert – it's such a good fit I haven't got a chance of removing it ! I'm not sure whether that's a good thing or not ?

The belly taper could still do with a bit more taking of the little end and it does still need a bit of tidying up but overall I'm pleased with how it's looking.

I've decided to leave the foot as it is for now till my drill vice arrives but otherwise it's about finished.

Peter.

Edited By Peter Nichols on 28/08/2015 19:26:32

[Gas_mantle.Participant @gas_mantle]

Hi all,

Well, my drill vice and grinder have now arrived along with a decent set of punches as suggested earlier so I'm hopefully in a position now to continue with this little engine.

I decided I'd have a go at making the cylinder block. This basically consists of an aluminium rod turned and faced to size and accommodating a 16mm bore along with the steam ports and fixing holes located on 2 flat faces 90* apart.

First things first, I turned the aluminium to it's final 32mm OD and faced off one end. Although a simple operation I was well pleased as the tool I used (visible in the pic) was the first home made one I've used on my new grinder and after only a few minutes making it was pleased to see it does a pretty good job for a first effort..

The bore needs to be 16mm so I need to drill it out up to my maximum drill size (13mm) and bore out the remainder.

I did have a go at making a boring bar of my own but it turned out to be a bit too big for this task so rather than maker a smaller one I decided to try the 8mm shank carbide tipped one I already have. This tool probably hasn't got the necessary reach for the depth I need but I found a brazed tipped bar I forgot I had. All I needed was for the first bar to open out the bore large enough for the 2nd (larger) bar to do the final finishing.

The maker states the tipped bar will fit a 10.5 mm hole – I've no doubt there claim is true but it would take someone far more skilled than me to do it. This photo is against the 13mm hole and there isn't a great deal of clearance.

This is the bar I forgot I had – it came free with my machine as part of a set of 5 tools, I couldn't get on the with the other tools so never really used this. But needs must, my 8mm bar isn't up to the job but has at least opened up the bore large enough to give this a try.

Pleasantly surprised I found it did a decent job.

Just need to part off now.

The cylinder will ultimately sit on a base of aluminium square stock so I now need to machine a flat face parallel to the bore. I don't have a mill (this engine is specifically designed for people without access to a mill) so I'll cut the face by facing off crosswise in the lathe chuck.

The valve chest will be made from a similar piece of aluminium square so I actually need to machine 2 faces at 90* to each other.

Making a guest appearance is my homemade tool post dial indicator support. I figured that for smooth running having the machined faces parallel to the bore was important so spent quite some time getting this as accurate as I could.

So far so good, the first cut seems to suggest it's parallel. The finish isn't great in this image but closer to my target dimension I took smaller cuts at higher speed to greatly improve things.

Hardly rocket science I know, but I'm reasonably pleased with it so far.

Next job, machine the other flat face, I haven't decided yet whether to drill the fixture mounting holes now or after I've machined the parts they are to secure.

Thanks

Peter.

Edited By Peter Nichols on 05/09/2015 11:25:02

[Gas_mantle.Participant @gas_mantle]

Hi,

I managed to get a bit further yesterday by facing off the second face off the cylinder block and drilling the steam ports as well as drilling the base mounting block.

The procedure was the same as the first face but with the added constraint of ensuring it was at 90* to the first one, I wasn't sure how best to go about this but came up with this rather makeshift idea. The first machined face can be seen upwards in the chuck, what looks like a set square is actually a packing piece at the front and one of my parallels firmly pressed against the machined face – by reading the height of the parallel over its length I was able hopefully get the second face at 90* to the first.

Success – it worked.

Next job was the simple task of drilling 2 holes 30mm apart in the mounting block, I decided to do the block before the cylinder as I might use it as a template to correctly position the corresponding holes in the cylinder.

I've only had this drill a fortnight and this is the first 'proper' job I've used it for so I thought a few basic checks on it's alignment etc wouldn't go amiss.

A simple job but now I have a decent drill and a vice it's so much easier.

The next task is a tad more tricky – it involves drilling in from either end to a depth of 18mm then drilling 2 shallow holes in the face to (hopefully) meet up. I've marked out and punched the centres, using a better set of punches has greatly improved my accuracy compared to the blunt pencil of a punch I was using previously.

Well here we go – the plan suggests 3mm holes but as I machined slightly more off the flat faces to fit my bar stock than the plan, the cylinder walls are a little bit thinner so I decided to try at 2.6mm first then reassess the situation.

Now a shallow 4mm inlet hole and lets hope they meet.

Well the first one meets perfectly, let's hope the second one goes to plan also.

Second one also proved to be a winner and I'm pleased with the result so far.

Next job tomorrow is to cut a small passage at either end leading from the steam holes into the main cylinder bore.

It can be seen in the photo how thin the cylinder walls are after going through with a 2.6mm drill – I think it's too risky to open them out to 3mm – anyone else got any thoughts ? I'd like to run this engine on live steam occasionally, is a 2.6mm steam passage going to significantly restrict the flow of steam on an engine this size compared to a 3mm hole ?

Cheers

Peter.

[Stewart HartParticipant @stewarthart90345]

Hi Peter

Nice work with the cylinder

The inlet hole will be fine at 2.6mm just leave it as it is.

A little tip for machining ally a squirt of WD40 does wonders for the finish:- it helps prevent build up on the cutting edge that aluminium is prone to do.

When you come to drill the steam chest the position of the two inlet holes are the most important, so take your time with the marking out, line up on the position using s sticky pin (a pin held on the chuck with plastercine nudge it with a screw driver handle to get it running true and use this to line up on your marking out, clamp your vice to the table then start the drill off first with a small centre drill.

The exhaust and the single air feed holes are not so critical.

Cheers

Stew

 

 

Cheers

Stew

 

 

Edited By Stewart Hart on 06/09/2015 08:57:04

Edited By Stewart Hart on 06/09/2015 08:59:39

[GarryCParticipant @garryc]

Hi Peter

Coming along very nicely..!

Cheers

Garry

[Gas_mantle.Participant @gas_mantle]

Hi,

Thanks for the feedback

Stew – I had planned on drilling the steam chest today but after reading what you've said I think I'll hold off for a day or 2 till I can get some plasticine or something similar.

I think what I'll do is one of the cylinder end covers and cut the 2 passages into the main cylinder bore.

Thanks

Peter.

[DullnoteParticipant @dullnote]

Hi Peter, i have just started this engine, I have the cylinder done with the support and valve chest, when drilling the cylinder to fit the rear cover, last job, I snapped the tap, after a couple of swear word, a mug of stronge coffee, managed to get the tap out, drilled down the side, made a mess of the work but should be okay to use. Hence I posted on this forum about taps.

Keep up the posting, the two inlet holes, what I did was, drilling out the cylinder side, then valve side, ensured they fitted by using stubs between them this allowed me to line up the valve chest to drill the rest. Also watch the valve chest the bore is not in the centre, guess how I know. Thats right measure twice cut once, but no one says read the drawings three times.

[Gas_mantle.Participant @gas_mantle]

Hi Jim,

Thanks for the help, I'd be interested to hear any other comments / suggestions etc as I go along.

I'm sorry to hear you broke the tap, I've just bought myself a set of 2.5mm ones as previously the smallest I had was 3mm but this engine has quite a few 2.5s. I haven't used the taps on anything yet so I'm hoping they'll work ok, depending how today goes I may be using them later.

Peter.

[Gas_mantle.Participant @gas_mantle]

Hi,

I had intended to start on the valve chest today but after reading earlier advice I've decided to put it off for a few days till I've had a think about it The cylinder head looks fairly straightforward so I chose to do that instead.

Firstly though I wanted to cut the steam passages into the end of the almost finished cylinder. It's a simple matter of cutting a 2mm deep slot linking the steam inlet to the cylinder at either end.

Without access to a mill I decided to use a small Dremell type hobby tool. It's not pretty but should do the job

Now for the cylinder head, basically it just involves machining a 5mm thick disc with a slight raised centre on one side to locate in the cylinder and drilling holes for securing bolts.

Firstly I turned the the stock to size and used the tool to scribe a light 12mm radius witness mark to position the bolt ring later.

As I machined slightly more off the cylinder walls than the plan required I thought it best to have a quick check that 12mm radius for the bolt ring looks ok.

Sure enough a ring 24mm in diameter looks to be fine.

Although not on the plans I thought a slight recess on the outside face would enhance the appearance a bit. I also wanted to see if I could fit a ring of 6 bolts in rather than the 4 on the plan.

What seemed like a simple idea proved to be more awkward than I expected, I'd overlooked the fact that the tool I was using had insufficient clearance and it wouldn't allow me to get a square corner in the recess.

I thought a parting tool might just about manage as I only want to remove about 1mm of aluminium but even raising it a shade above centre it wouldn't clear either.

Hopefully this will do the trick.

At last !

The other face requires a raised portion 1.5mm deep to fit flush into the cylinder.

If I can get away with it I'd like to secure the head with 6 bolts rather than the suggested 4 so marked the end and scribed a very rough free hand approximation of where the bolts will lie. Although a very crude method I'm satisfied I can get away with 6 holes.

Having drilled all the holes I do like the appearance and think the recessed centre adds to the look but I did get 1 or 2 holes slightly off centre.

And how it would look with hex head bolts.

I'll have a think about it overnight before drilling the cylinder.

Peter.

[DullnoteParticipant @dullnote]

Hi Peter I went with the four bolts but made the flange much thiner, but the six look good, I have also went with stud and nut each with washer, still to get each stud the correct length. May try the bolts after seeing yours

[Black Cat2Participant @blackcat256889]

I ve been looking for drawings Peter ,where did you find them?
Jonathon

[Gas_mantle.Participant @gas_mantle]

Hi,

The reason the flange is a bit thicker is actually a mistake – I misread the plan and included the width of the raised part in the overall thickness. I did think of making another one but I'm happy enough the way it is and the seems to be ample room to make the piston end cover the same thickness. I do like the look of it but I did drill one hole a tad out of line

Jonathan – I'll ask the member who gave me the plans if he'll forward you set.

Peter.

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