Half nut repair on M-types is common. ISTR Geoff Walker did an article in MEW in the last couple years on doing his. Basically, you clamp the halfnut on the cross slide table and bore out the old thread – boring "half a hole" in effect.
Then you turn up a piece of brass shaped like a cotton reel or "bobbin", ie cylinder with a small locating flange each end, which fits the "half a hole" you bored in the old halfnut. This is then screw cut internally with a 1/8" pitch square thread to fit your leadscrew and then cut in half lengthways with a hacksaw. One half is then soft soldered into the halfnut. Good as new.
I'm sure there are pics and details on the Yahoo group, somewhere.
The rub is you need a lathe to screwcut the new bobbin. But if there is enough left of the old half-nut to be going on with, you can make the bobbin first, then machine the halfnut to fit it.
Good used gears are available via the group or on eBay too. Better than trying to fake up new teeth with brazing and a file. Which gears do you need? Back gears or change gears?