Without wanting to do any mods to your lathe spindle nose then you will need to do some thinking away from the box.
There is always the easy option of using a driving centre but they are quite rare to find, not seen one being sold for a while now. You may want to consider making one.
I would make a soft morse taper centre for your spindle taper with a parallel portion sufficient to grub screw a collared catch plate onto ( or Welded ).
Before turning the tapers on the centre, drill and tap the morse end for a suitable drawbar and make one to suit.
A lot of work for a per chance occasion of use but it's an option.
I have a couple of combined self contained catch plates with parallel shanks that can be held in a collet, but you do need a collet set up for your lathe for to use these.
Edited By Malc Broadbent on 19/05/2015 09:16:20