I have resorted to Tubal Cain's Model Engineers' Handbook (3rd Edition).
Going through the table of BA hexagon sizes (page 4.13), it's clear that 4BA is about the only size at 0.498" that is close to a regular size in both inches and millimetres.
However the table's notes state two points:
1) BA is a metric range but British Standards called for it to be specified in inch-equivalents.
2) The diminishing availability of hexagon bar in non-integer sizes means many of the nuts are nearest-metric sizes.
It does not say if this is also true of the bolt-heads, but to avoid having to use two different tool ranges for the same joint, we may as well use standard M-series fastenings, either the Fine or the common Coarse range. (Them Coarse threads – right common they are… Sorry! )
It also adds that commercial 0BA nuts are sometimes made to 1/4" BSW / F size – but whether this still applies some 18 years after the book's publication is another matter. 0BA is actually very close to standard M6 Coarse, but they are not interchangeable.
There is or was a range of metric fastenings dimensions suited to fine model-engineering, for better scale fidelity, produced in 1981. Though it could not adopted as a trade standard it was allowable under British Standards auspices, by Guidance Note PD6507-1982. Does anyone know what happened to this? (For example, does the ISO Metric Fine range provide acceptable alternatives?)
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It would seem many model-engineers now use "ordinary" (Coarse range) ISO fastenings anyway. The larger the model scale, the less the scaling effect.
As an example, though intending to use all-BS fasteners from 1/4" upwards on my 4"-scale steam-wagon, an M6 hexagon (10mm / 0.394" A/F0 looks more reasonable on the metric HRS chassis members with their over-scale thicknesses, than that of 1/4" BSF. UNF (7/16" AF for 14" ) would approach the effect, and UNF bolt heads tend not to be marred by the rough forging and clumsy embossing typical of M-series bolt-heads.