Er… the answer is so obvious as to make me wonder if the question has been posed correctly. How big is the original in inches or millimetres? How big is the model you want to make in inches or milimetres? Divide the former by the latter.
If the original is 24ft long and you want to make a model of it 2ft long, the scale is 24 divided by 2 = 1/12th scale.
If you divide every full size measurement by 12, everything will scale correctly.
OR are you asking what scale various model railway gauges are?