I have bench lathe almost like the DB10G from Chester with 1hp motor. To face a large round casting I use carbide indexable tooI with an 1/2” shank. There are special grade of carbide inserts for roughing if the metal is a difficult one. As to me I never meet problem with hobbyist inserts.
After that I check :
* that the tool is not overhanging too much from the tool post.The less the better
* that the tool is exactly on the lathe axis or slightly under (2 or 3 thou max)
Then
* I put a slight angle to the tool post (not the compound slide) to be sure that only the tip of the tool is working and the tool’s side is not rubing the casting. That way the cutiing pressure is maximum
* I lock all the movements : cross slide and longitudinal movement and the compound slide during each cut.
* I take light cuts about 0,4mm (1/64”)
This way I turned 120mm (4 3/4”) casting for a chuk backplate without problem. The speed was around 300 rpm during roughing and 700 rpm for finishing. With cast iron it’s a dirty tedious work.
If that can help.
Patrick