It is possible to identify a replacement belt in a situation where the tooth profile, the pitch, the width and the length are unknown but it requires a bit of effort. (jump to last paragraph for the easy way)
There are quite a few different tooth profiles and whilst they may appear similar picking the wrong one will significantly belt life. Manufacturers catalogues might show detailed drawings of the tooth profile but if the pulleys are fitted with flanges and the tooth profile is not visible then its hard to compare and decide.
I imagine that as Vic's belt is on a sander then it will probably not have any means of adjusting the pulley to pulley centre distance, therefore its essential to get the exact length of belt. one can work out the length if one can measure the pulley centres accurately but that is not always as easy as it seems.
Measuring the belt pitch by counting the number of teeth on a sprocket which you know the diameter of is straightforward, so in conjunction with centre to centre distances you can consult catalogues and most likely identify what will fit.
Far, far easier than measuring and guessing is just to Google spares with the product model number, most likely some of the results will include the actual belt manufacturers part number which you can then use to 'shop around' to find the best value supplier.
Ian P