Thank you both.
This type of gauge is new to me and I see now that, confusing the end cap with a ratchet, I had made the elementary mistake of inserting the rod from the base end!
I think I am still going to have to dismantle, clean and lubricate as the ring nut under the cap is loose and this seems to be disconnecting the sleeve from the thimble so that turning the latter does not alter the reading.
Any further pointers would be welcome.
Incidentally, I note from the helpful line drawing that M&W redesigned the base which is noticeably more curvy than mine; I speculate that this may have been intended to make the gauge easier to handle in use.
PS A further point arises from the note on the drawing: what I thought was the type number may be a dimension, hence the "IN"; confusingly, in my 1970 catalogue, number 56 is a jenny caliper.
Edited By ega on 02/03/2023 12:54:21