I produced a quite acceptable exhaust for a motor cycle by drilling two sets of holes, equal in total in cross sectional area to that of the pipe, and separated by a blanking plug. This allowed the gas to pass into a small expansion chamber to by pass the plug and back into the outlet pipe. It sounded quite like a post WW2 motorcycle, so the owner was well pleased.
Another silencer for a single cylinder engine was simply a 2 pint Castrol oil tin clamped by the neck to the end of the exhaust pipe, with a series of holes drilled through the base of the can.
A lot of single cylinder stationary engines seem to exhaust by a short pipe into a smaller version of two frying pans bolted together, with a series of holes drilled around the rim of the base of the outer one.
Stationary engine preservationists will no doubt be able to provide a photo of such a silencer.
For a model engine, the two parts could probably be turned from bar, and the necessary holes drilled for outlet and fixing the two halves together.
Howard