The issues of handling and carriage under the postal system within the U.K. is complex.
Sellers decide their own policy.
New prices and changes in Royal Mail policy came into effect on 29 March 2016. To give you an idea of 'real' core carriage cost, have a look at this link to Royal Mail price guide for business account holders. On this page, click on fifth item down: 'Price changes for business customers'. once that section is expanded, click on 'Business price guide' which opens a pdf document.
Once you open the 'Business price guide' pdf, the pages of interest are pages 6 and 7. These two pages have a direct baring on the 'real cost' to business, in addition to packaging, human labour, credit/debit card processing and overhead costs. When sellers say 'carriage costs', most mean inclusive.
The real cost increase which affects U.K. sellers is for low value, low weight, above 25mm in one of the dimensions.
Take for example a person orders only a 2mm x ER25 collet. packed weight is about 90grams. BUT the diameter is greater than 25mm. If the seller was able to send by large letter post, the postage would be 64p for 2nd class and 80p for 1st class. However, as the dimension is over 25mm in diameter, he will have to send it by small parcel post, where costs are £2.57 for 2nd class, or £3.07 for 1st class. Big difference.
This is where costs have gone up. As mentioned earlier, the seller makes his own decision on what element of handling and carriage he wishes to absorb. Then the buyer decides what he wants to do. ![](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==)
Ketan at ARC.