My house/workshop has been off-grid since Dec 2022 reliant on PV solar energy. Monthly usage averaged 1300KW over winter, with 2500KW generated. The excess is exported to the Electricity supplier at 60% consumption value.
I have hot water underfloor heating, which used to run from a solar heated water system, heating a 6000liter insulated water tank, buried in the ground. That heated water ( around 30degC in winter end of day) fed a 3phase 14KW boiler, and then into the pipes in the floors. The boiler was used during many low/no-sun days in winter.
In winter my floor heating energy used was around 50KW/24hour period – I did not run the boiler during day time, since electricity costs are almost double between 10H00 and 18H00. So the floors cooled during the day, and extra energy was needed at night to re-heat.
When I fitted the PV system ( 3phase, 28KW PV capacity) I fitted a Stiebel Eltron heat pump – a 3phase pump, with a variable speed compressor, to heat the floors.. The pump is capable of 12KW output, and is an Air extraction pump.
Since I heat the floor water to 35deg C max, and the floor water return temp is never below 20degC, the delta the heat pump sees is a max of 15deg, at start of heating, with the delta reducing as the floor heats up to 25deg setpoint.
All that gives me a pump COP of 10 (!) and I run day and night, so the floors don't cool in the day. That returns a daily heat output of around 33KW, with a consumption of around 3KW…
My monthly usage for floors in now around 100KW, instead of 1500KW – and THAT ticks all the boxes – energy cost, carbon footprint, comfort….
Lower COP's are to be expected if the water heating temp differential is higher, such as heating water for showers, etc ( 50degC plus..) – but this heat pump delivers a COP of 4 to 5 when doing that…
The heat pump did cost around 8K British Pounds…but is better than sliced bread.