I can thoroughly recommend ‘JB Weld’ for applications such as this.
It is a two part epoxy based product with good heat resistance compared with araldite.
There are two versions – the longer curing time has better heat resistance.
I used it to repair similar faults on a Stuart Twin Victoria cylinder to great success. It ran for many years albeit on saturated steam without failure or degrading but possibly more substantiating was on home produced glow engine silencers where it withstood the heat from the exhaust gases.
Heres a couple of pics of it being used to bond the steam chest to a 1/3 larger Waller Table Engine cylinder currently resurected!
Hope this of help
Ramon