The key points for CAD software, IMO, are the following:
- Parametric design
- IGES output, STL is not good enough unless you are only 3D printing
- Printable drawing output, with the ability to put multiple views and sections on a single page
- DXF import, for reusing existing drawings
Parametric design means you can drive whole designs from a single measurement if you are careful. For example I created a design for a heart-shaped cam, which can be changed for different cam throws by editing a single number. The whole part then updates correctly to maintain the correct proportions.
I also use Alibre. I haven't upgraded since they renamed to Geomagic, as I don't see any new features that would make the cost worthwhile. It has all the features I've mentioned above, even if the DXF import is a little hacky.
What you won't get with Alibre is great integration with CAM, unfortunately. What I mean by this is, if you do go and change a part, you will have to resign yourself to recreating the CAM project you used the first time around. It isn't a major issue for me, but it would be terrible for industry production workflow.
I also suggest getting hold of the 30 day Geomagic demo, and trying out the 2D sketching capability. Extrude some simple parts from sketches, then move on to more advanced work.
Draftsight is free, and well worth trying out. It is NOT 3D however, which could be seen as either a plus in terms of being simpler to use, or a minus in terms of functionality.
I personally would not use Sketchup or Rhino, as they aren't focused on CAD work, but people do, and that can work for them.