General rule with collets is that the parallel, gripping, part inside the collet must be filled for proper, stable, grip.
In the absence of measurements its usually OK to assume that so long as the workpiece goes in a bit further than teh depth of the outer, large, taper things will work correctly on unambitious jobs.
Trying to hold a very short piece and ramping up the pressure to get things to hold is a quick way of messing up a collet. They are not as robust as they look at first sight. There don't seem to be any official figures but I imagine 20 ft lb would be as high as I could sensibly manage with the hand wheel closer on my lathes and the shoe C spanner with my collet block. What I actually use is less.
Clive