I posted details of the threads on my Hauser mill to assist Greensands and Alexandraeo Smith 1. Oily Rags contribution may have caused confusion. Hauser used different threads on their machines; the thread on the endstops of my circular table and slides are different. The following will explain why Alexander's purchased rod fits.
Prior to the eighteenth century screw threads for fasteners were mostly cut by hand but increasing demands deemed it necessary for them to be factory made. The lack of thread standardisation made fastener interchangeability problematical.
To overcome these problems Joseph Whitworth collected sample screws from a large number of British workshops and in 1841 put forward two proposals:
1. The angle the thread flanks should be standardised at 55 degrees.
2. The number of threads per inch should be standardised for various diameters.
His proposals became standard practice in Britain in the 1860's, so that ‘a nut made in Glasgow would fit a bolt made in Manchester’.
In 1864 in America, William Sellers independently proposed another standard based upon a 60 degree thread form and various thread pitches for different diameters. This became adopted as the U.S. Standard and subsequently developed into the American Standard Coarse Series (NC) and the Fine Series (NF). The thread form had flat roots and crests that made the screw easier to make than the Whitworth standard that has rounded roots and crests.
Around the same time metric thread standards were being adopted in continental Europe with a number of different thread flank angles being adopted. For example the German Löwenherz had a thread flank angle of 53 degrees 8 minutes and the Swiss Thury thread an angle of 47.5 degrees. The standard international metric thread (ISO 68-1:1998) eventually evolved from German, French and Swiss metric standards based upon a 60 degree flank angle with flat crests and rounded roots. The main differences between the early European standards was the shape and truncation of root and crest.
Since the introduction of thread standards large manufacturing companies have not always complied. A notable example is the pre-WWII Morris Motors bolts having metric threads and Whitworth form hexagonal heads! My Schaublin 65 lathe feedscrews have a diameter of 6.5 mm., 1 mm. pitch and 55̊ flank angle, which meant that I had to make my own tap when replacing the worn nuts. Therefore, when repairing or restoring old equipment it is essential to measure diameter and pitch of threads as well as examining their form. If the thread conforms, within tolerances to a standard then commercially available taps and dies can be utilised. I have posted a photograph comparing the Hauser thread to a ISO M8 x 0.75 mm. tap. This shows the threads to be similar within tolerance limits. I stated the Hauser threads in my post as standard ISO metric threads.
I have posted a photo of a relevant page in the English edition of the contemporary Hauser catalogue. These machines accommodated 10 mm diameter collets (0.393" = 9.98 mm.). The spindle on Greensands’, Alexander Smith I’s and mine, having a 9 mm. spindle were specially made for Woolwich Arsenal. I originally thought that I would make a new spindle for my machine so that I could use my extensive collection of Schaublin 10 mm collets but have now decided to bore out the Hauser spindle to 10 mm. If the spindle is made of case-hardened steel then the final finishing of the bore should not be too difficult to lap to the desired accuracy of concentricity and runout.
Wishing everone a quiet, safe and contented Christmas,
SH